On the other hand, the interpretation of the provisions of the Directive … Where this is not possible they should receive equivalent rest over a 14 day … Neither does it include lunch breaks or time spent on-call unless actually working. The Organisation of Working Time Act 1997 and the EU Directive on Working Time do not specify any timeframes within which compensatory rest must be made available. Interesting? ^ Eurofound (2019), Rest breaks from work: Overview of regulations, research and practice , 1 May. European Parliament and Council of the European Union: ‘Rest period’ means any period that is not working time. It is not necessary for the 11 hours to fall in the same calendar day provided that they are consecutive. ^ Official Journal C 326 (2012), Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union , 26 October. Your employer can average the weekly reference period over 14 days. Every worker is entitled to a minimum daily rest period of 11 consecutive hours for every 24-hour period, potentially implying a lawful 13-hour working day with at least one long break or two or more shorter breaks, the intervals being not more than six hours apart. The only other possibility would seem to be that the provision for a 24-hour rest period is intended to be added to the 11 hours’ minimum daily rest and distributed throughout the week, meaning no consecutive 24-hour period. Article 3 of the Working Time Directive requires Member States to ensure that every worker is allowed a minimum daily rest period of 11 consecutive hours in every 24-hour period and a minimum uninterrupted rest period of 24 hours in each seven-day period, in addition to which the 11-hour daily rest period referred to in Article 3 must also be provided (Article 5). Employers’ obligations include giving workers "adequate" rest breaks where their pattern of work places their health and safety at risk, and allowing workers the following rest periods unless they are exempt (in which case compensatory rest will usually have to be given): Workers falling within a number of “special cases” under regulation 21 of the WTR (e.g. References In 2008 and 2009, he occasionally worked for seven consecutive days due to a rotating work schedule. However, in such cases, the WTR states that: Compensatory rest break must be a single continuous period of at least 20 minutes. Weekly rest periods may be given at any time in a seven-day period. In the UK the Working Time Regulations brings into effect in UK law the Working Time Directive, legislation from Europe that deals with working time, rest breaks, holiday etc. The Working Time Regulations 1998 (WTR) implemented the EC directive on the organisation of working time. Useful? The Portuguese court asked the European Court of Justice (ECJ) whether the right (under the Working Time Directive (WTD)) to an uninterrupted rest period of 24 hours ‘per each seven-day period’ should be interpreted as meaningthe 24-hour rest period must be granted at the latest on the seventh day following six consecutive working days, or whether the employer has discretion to grant the weekly rest period when they feel like it. 3. A working time limit of … Council Directive 93/104/EC concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time (as amended by Directive 2000/34) provided – for the first time at EU level – for a minimum daily rest period of 11 consecutive hours a day, a rest break when the working day is longer than six hours, and a minimum rest period of one day a week. where the worker’s activities involve the need for continuity of service or production), are excluded from the entitlement to a rest break. Working time is any period in which staff are working. Thrings acts on cross border reorganisation, Considerations for Directors of companies facing financial difficulty, Employment law and immigration for individuals, HR online services and retainer - Thrings@Work, Rovco triumphs at South West Business Leader Awards, Business Health Matters Webinar: Business Protection, 24 hours' uninterrupted rest per week (or 48 hours' uninterrupted rest per fortnight); and. The Working Time Directive sets out the definitions outlined below. 4. a minimum weekly rest period of 24 hours, which can be averaged over two weeks. Although there is technically no daily limit to the amount of working time in one day (between rest periods), the rules for minimum daily rest of 9 hours (reduced daily rest period) in 24 hours basically means a lorry driver cannot have a working day of more than 15 hours for, at the most, three times between weekly rest periods. The directive regulates that, for each seven-day period, every worker is entitled to a minimum uninterrupted rest period of 24 hours plus the 11-hour daily rest. The ECJ stated that the WTD should be interpreted as requiring a weekly rest period to be granted at some point during each seven-day period. a rest break of 20 minutes when working more than six hours per day. Although being on call did not nullify the rest period, the compensatory rest must amount to a break from work that lasts at least 20 minutes. Workers have the right to one uninterrupted 20 minute rest break during their working day, if they work more than 6 hours a day. Following the termination of his employment, Mr Marques da Rosa claimed that he had been denied his weekly rest periods. It sets minimum periods of daily rest, weekly rest and annual leave, breaks and maximum weekly working time.It also aims to protect workers from negative health effects due to shift and night work as well as certain patterns of work. What is important to remember is that the Regulations were introduced to protect health and safety in the workplace. The directive gives priority to collective agreements over legislation in determining the EU standard. A … The purpose behind the working time directive rules Given that one of the main objectives of the WTD is to protect health and safety, it is possible that if a case on this issue were to be brought, a different decision may be reached. This could be a tea or lunch break. The weekly rest period should not include any part of the daily rest period. The EU’s Working Time Directive (2003/88/EC) requires EU Member States to guarantee the following rights for all workers: a limit to weekly working hours. 24 hours uninterrupted rest per week or 48 hours uninterrupted rest per fortnight (“weekly rest period”); and Rest breaks at work – a rest break of 20 minutes when working more than 6 hours per day. Tell us what you think. If this is not possible (for example, there’s an emergency at work), the employer must take steps to provide enough rest for … The Working Time Regulations govern the hours most workers can work and sets limits on an average working week, statutory entitlement to paid leave, entitlement to rest breaks and annual leave, limits on the normal hours of night work and entitlement to worker health assessments. Under the EC Working Time Directive (2003/88) (the WTD) a worker is entitled to a 24-hour uninterrupted rest period “per each 7-day work period”. Working Time Rest The working time directive rest requirements are the same as the EU drivers hours rest rules. Workers are entitled to a daily rest period of at least 11 consecutive hours in each 24-hour period during which they work. The law on rest breaks and rest periods, including the implications of the Working Time Regulations 1998, the temporary changes in place during the relaxation of the enforcement on EU drivers' hours and domestic drivers' hours rules due to the coronavirus (COVID-19), exclusions, and complaints to employment tribunals. Rest Breaks The Working Time Regulations entitle all (*see exceptions below) Workers and Employees to: A minimum Daily Rest period of 11 hours uninterrupted rest between finishing your job and starting the next day (Workers aged between 15-18 are entitled to a minimum daily rest break of 12 hours). Ensure that workers are receiving the minimum rest breaks provided for by the Working Time Regulations 1998. Compensatory rest breaks are the same length of time as the break (or part of it) that they’ve missed. Allowing him to take a number of shorter breaks throughout his eight-hour shift, which added up to substantially more than 20 minutes, was not compliant. The rest periods set out in the Organisation of Working Time Act 1997 are as follows: You are entitled to 11 consecutive hours rest in any period of 24 hours You should get 24 consecutive hours rest in any period of 7 days and this should normally follow on from one of the 11-hour rest periods mentioned above, or They also cover the health and working hours of night workers. in exceptional circumstances where it is not possible to grant such a period of rest, their employer shall afford them such protection as may be appropriate to safeguard their health and safety. in days, hours and/or fractions thereof. This decision could mean a worker in the UK, who does not fall into any special categories under the WTR, could be obliged to work for 24 consecutive days with rest periods either side, provided that this does not breach their employment contract or any collective agreement. The Organisation of Working Time Act 1997 and the EU Directive on Working Time do not specify any timeframes within which compensatory rest … Working time and rest. Rest periods and breaks. European Working Conditions Surveys (EWCS), European Monitoring Centre on Change - EMCC, European Observatory on Quality of Life - EurLIFE, European Observatory of Working Life - EurWORK, Database of wages, working time and collective disputes, Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time, Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work, Council Directive of 29 May 1990 on the minimum safety and health requirements for work with display screen equipment (fifth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 87/391/EEC) (90/270/EEC), Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Rest breaks from work: Overview of regulations, research and practice, eurofound.brusselsoffice@eurofound.europa.eu. Within the Working Time Directive, Article 2 defines working time as any period which the worker is: He was allowed to take short breaks between periods of demand, but he would remain on call during these breaks. A limit of an average of 8 hours work in 24 hours which night workers can work. [3], Night work ; shift work ; stress at work ; working time. Under the EC Working Time Directive (2003/88) (the WTD) a worker is entitled to a 24-hour uninterrupted rest period “per each 7-day work period”. However, there is an ambiguous provision at the end of Article 5: ‘If objective, technical or work organisation conditions so justify, a minimum rest period of 24 hours may be applied’. As set out in its Preamble: All workers should have adequate rest periods. The directive regulates that, for each seven-day period, every worker is entitled to a minimum uninterrupted rest period of 24 hours plus the 11-hour daily rest. Following the Court of Appeal’s recent decision in Hughes v Corps of Commissionaires Management Ltd regarding compensatory rest, Emilie Bennetts of Charles Russell LLP explains the obligations on an employer to provide daily and weekly rest periods and breaks under the Working Time Regulations 1998. The UK’s Working Time Regulations 1998 (WTR) were brought in to implement the Working Time Directive. This case highlights that while there are differences between a ‘rest break’ and ‘compensatory rest’ (in that a person can be on call during compensatory rest but not during a rest break), the essential element crucial to both is that the worker must have an uninterrupted single period of at least 20 minutes’ rest. Q.3 Do any other jobs have to be declared? The meaning of this exception is not clear. However, there is an ambiguous provision at the end of Article 5: ‘If objective, technical or work organisation conditions so justify, a minimum rest period of 24 hours may be applied’. [2]. The basic rights. a rest from work of at least 11 hours in every 24-hour period; and a rest of at least 24 hours in every 7 days or 48 hours in every 14-day period. Some specific groups, such as young workers (Council Directive 94/33/EC) and workers using display screens (Directive 90/270/EEC), are entitled to specific conditions regarding rest breaks from work. The Directive contains two provisions allowing for their review prior to the expiry of a seven-year period reckoned from the deadline for transposal by the Member States, ie prior to 23 November 2003. The Working Time Directive. The concept of ‘rest’ must be expressed in units of time, i.e. However, employers should hold fire before relying on this decision in relation to fortnightly rest periods. WORKING TIME DIRECTIVE ... a minimum rest period of 11 hours between the end of one working day or shift and the beginning of the next (not including the day of the shift changeover). It is important to note that the 11 hours consecutive rest can be varied, as long as compensatory rest is given. The Working Time Regulations lay down the rules which govern the maximum average working week, minimum rest breaks, paid annual leave, and the amount of time legally required between each working period. The Working Time Regulations implement the European Working Time Directive into Northern Ireland law. Most … You are entitled to an uninterrupted rest period of at least 24 hours in each seven day reference period. Working time rights apply to ‘workers’ – that is employees, agency workers and some self-employed people. It must be agreed in writing. the average working time for each seven day period must not exceed 48 hours, including overtime; depending on national legislation and/or collective agreements, the 48 hour average is calculated over a reference period of up to 4, 6 or 12 months a rest break during working hours if the worker is on duty for longer than 6 hours 24 hours' uninterrupted rest per week (or 48 hours' uninterrupted rest per fortnight); and a rest break of 20 minutes when working more than six hours per day. It includes time spent training and travelling to work site, but does not include routine travel between home and work. This is in addition to an 11 hours daily rest period. If a shift contains more than 9 hours of working time a break period totalling 45 minutes is required. The national data include the number of controls carried out at the roadside and at the premises of companies, the number and types of offences detected, the number of undertakings and drivers checked and others. Thrings LLP is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA), SRA number 510691. It is most important for employers to make rest time available to employees to allow them to recuperate from long periods of work without adequate rest. Information and Communication Technologies, Long-term care workforce: Employment and working conditions. Nevertheless, a working time regime that opted for such a long working day would be constrained by the provisions on maximum hours in a working week. The meaning of this exception is not clear. The very first ILO Convention, adopted in 1919 (see below), limited hours of work and provided for adequate rest periods for workers. The Working Time Directive also establishes provisions for the three types of rest periods. Therefore, a worker could work up to 12 consecutive days if the weekly rest periods were granted on the first day of the first seven-day period and the last day of the following seven-day period. These provisions concern the derogations from the reference period for the application of Article 6 (maximum working week) and the option of not applying Article 6 if the worker agrees to carry out such work (generally known as the 'opt-out'). The Directive does not stipulate when the 24-hour rest period must be given. In relation to working time, all workers are entitled to: 1. The Working Time Regulations determine the maximum weekly working time, patterns of work and holidays, plus the daily and weekly rest periods. [1] Furthermore, the ILO considers that different types of rest from work are critical to ensure the health and well-being of workers. In 2019, Eurofound published an overview of regulations, research and practice of rest breaks from work. The night period is 11pm to 6am, unless the worker and employer agree a different night period. Q.2 What is working time? Contents. ObjectivesThis Directive lays down minimum safety and health requirements for the organisation of working time. The requirements of his job meant that he was unable to take a continuous break of 20 minutes at any time. ^ ILO (2016), Rest Periods: Definitions and dimensions , 16 June. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, The tripartite EU agency providing knowledge to assist in the development of better social, employment and work-related policies, Rest periods during working hours are recognised as a basic right of workers in the EU. + 353 1 2043100information@eurofound.europa.eu, Brussels, Belgium eurofound.brusselsoffice@eurofound.europa.eu, Eurofound is an agency of the European Union. The UK’s Working Time Regulations 1998 (WTR) were brought in to implement the Working Time Directive. — (1) Subject to paragraph (2), an adult worker is entitled to an uninterrupted rest period of not less than 24 hours in each seven-day period during which he works for his employer. The EAT held that, as a ‘special case’ worker, the signalman was excluded from the normal entitlement to rest breaks under the WTR, but he was entitled to an ‘equivalent period of compensatory rest’. The Working time directive is also known as the Road Transport Directive and these are a different set of rules which all HGV and PCV drivers must adhere to at the same time as the Drivers Hours Rules. Please note these rules are not the Drivers Hours Rules. Finally, in 2003, Directive 2003/88/EC updated these two earlier ones and is generally known as the Working Time Directive. Community workers must be granted minimum daily, weekly and annual periods of rest and adequate breaks. their employer shall wherever possible allow them to take an equivalent period of compensatory rest; and. That is the summary of the HGV driving hours and working time directive which relates to the majority of lorry drivers in the UK. Today, ILO standards on working time provide the framework for regulated hours of work, daily and weekly rest periods, and annual holidays. Most young workers aged 16 and 17 are entitled to: hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(515106, '0e52e132-c473-41c0-bf8b-468682399572', {}); The Working Time Regulations (WTR) and rest breaks. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union stipulates that ‘every worker has the right to limitation of maximum working hours, to daily and weekly rest periods and to an annual period of paid leave’ (Article 31(2)). If errors are brought to our attention, we will try to correct them. It is also necessary in this context to place a maximum limit on weekly working hours. Working hours policy Your employees must be given at least 11 consecutive hours of daily rest and at least 24 hours of uninterrupted weekly rest every 7 days, over a reference period of 2 weeks. Women and labour market equality: Has COVID-19 rolled back recent gains? To calculate average hours, a 17 week work period has been specified. In the recent case of Crawford v Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd, the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) considered whether a railway signalman had been given adequate compensatory rest when he was permitted to take a series of short breaks while remaining ‘on call’. the average working time for each seven day period must not exceed 48 hours, including overtime; This was superseded in 2000 by Directive 2000/34/EC which covered sectors and activities excluded from the original Directive. As an employer, you must ensure that your staff does not work more than 48 hours per week on average (including overtime), over a reference period of up to 4 months. Working time. Is a worker entitled to a 20-minute rest break for each six-hour period worked? A break of 20 minutes if your daily working day is more than six hours long (or 30 minutes if you’re aged 15-18 years and you work more than 4.5 hours at a stretch). Special arrangements exist for night workers. Should workers be exempt, “compensatory rest” will usually have to be given. Directive 2003/88/EC or Working Time Directive (WTD) is a Directive in European Union law.It gives EU workers the right to at least 4 weeks in paid holidays each year, rest breaks, and rest of at least 11 hours in any 24 hours; restricts excessive night work; a day off after a week's work; and provides for a right to work no more than 48 hours per week. Breaks between working days An employee should get at least 11 hours’ uninterrupted rest between finishing work and starting work the next day. 11. The Directive does not stipulate when the 24-hour rest period must be given. The ECJ’s interpretation potentially gives employers greater flexibility when determining shift patterns, and may also have implications for the right to fortnightly rest periods. However, it appears that a minimal 24-hour period may be justified in some circumstances. Most likely, it refers to the requirement that the 24-hour weekly rest period be connected to a previous 11-hour rest period, so as to constitute a solid block of 35 hours’ rest per week. Please note: the European industrial relations dictionary is updated annually. Working time for the purposes of the Regulations, and the provision of the relevant rest periods and breaks is defined as “Any period during which the worker is: (i) working; (ii) carrying out his duties; and (iii) at the employer's disposal.” Employers must meet all three criteria. Rest periods and breaks Is a worker entitled to a […] Apart from opting out of the 48 -hour week limit, it is not possible to opt out of the WTR. ‘Working time’ means any period during which the worker is working, at the employer’s disposal and carrying out their activity or duties, in accordance with national laws and/or practice. Eurofound, Wyattville Road, Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, D18 KP65, Ireland In Marques da Rosa v Varzim Sol - Turismo, Jogo e Animacao SA, Mr Marques da Rosa worked in a casino, which opened seven days a week. This concerns the rules on driving times, breaks and rest periods established by Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 and the working time provisions laid down in Directive 2002/15/EC. This includes weekly working time, rest periods, night shifts, the exceptions to the rules and other data relevant to the Working Time Directives. If they do, it must be 7 hours long and include midnight to 5am. 27.19 All employees should receive an uninterrupted weekly rest period of 35 hours (including the eleven hours of daily rest) in each seven day period for which they work for their employer. The ECJ pointed out that workers may also benefit from the increased flexibility its interpretation allows employers, as it would enable them to have consecutive rest days at the end of one reference period and at the start of the next. The rest breaks an employee is entitled to, and when they can take them. ‘Adequate rest’ means that workers have regular rest periods, the duration of which is expressed in units of time and which are sufficiently long and continuous to ensure that, as a result of fatigue or other irregular working patterns, they do not cause injury to themselves, to fellow workers or to others and that they do not damage their health, either in the short or longer term. The WTR currently provide employees with the following basic rights and protections: A limit of an average of 48 hours a week over a 17-week period which a worker can be required to work. The directive calls on Member States to take the measures necessary to ensure that, when the working day is longer than six hours, every worker is entitled to a rest break. Working Time Regulations. From 2010, the casino altered the schedule so that its employees worked no more than six consecutive days. The Working Time Regulations create a basic set of rights for the time people work, particularly 28 days paid holidays, a right to 20 minute paid breaks for each 6 hours worked, a right to weekly rest of at least one full 24 hour period, and the right to limit the working week to 48 hours. The Regulations apply to both part time or full-time workers, including the majority of agency workers and freelancers, although certain categories of workers are excluded. As an employer, you must ensure that your staff does not work more than As you know, the Working Time Regulations (WTR) introduced rules limiting working hours and providing for rest breaks and holidays. Lay-offs and short-time working If an employer does not have enough work for their employees, these options may help. The duration and the terms on which such rest breaks are granted should be laid down in collective agreements or agreements between the two sides of industry and, only in their absence, by national legislation. 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